Morphology of adults and larvae and integrative taxonomy of southern hemisphere genera Tormus and Afrotormus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Fikáček Martin, Minoshima Yusuke, Vondráček Dominik, Gunter Nicole, Leschen Richard A. B.
Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53(1): 75-126, 2013
Views: 1241
Abstract: Adult morphology of the genera Tormus Sharp, 1884 and Afrotormus Hansen, 1999, endemics of New Zealand and South Africa respectively, is examined and illustrated. The larval morphology of Tormus is also reviewed. Both adult and larval morphology supports the hypothesis of close relationship between these genera and Paracymus Thomson, 1867 of the tribe Laccobiini as shown by molecular data. The principal adult characters supporting this hypothesis are the presence of an organized stridulatory file on abdominal laterosternite 3 and the morphology of the mesofurca. The larva of Tormus is very similar to that of Paracymus, with the exception of the absence of the ligula and the presence of dense pubescence on antenna, maxilla and labium which are possible adaptations to a terrestrial lifestyle. The sister relationship of Tormus and Afrotormus seems quite probable based on several unique or rarely occurring character states shared by both genera, but needs to be confirmed by a formal phylogenetic analysis. Tormus inhabits moss on forest floor and Afrotormus was collected from under stones, and both genera hence represent previously unrecognized independent ecological transitions to terrestrial environment within Hydrophilidae. Genital morphology of Tormus indicated two well-defined groups treated as species: Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884 (= Tormus nitidus Broun, 1893a, syn. nov., = Stygnohydrus nitidus Broun, 1893b, syn. nov., = Stygnohydrus femoralis Broun, 1910, syn. nov. = Stygnohydrus basalis Orchymont, 1937, syn. nov.) and Tormus posticalis (Broun, 1917), stat. restit. Genetic data from cox1 mitochondrial gene indicated five haplotype lineages, of which the Fiordland group is equivalent to T. posticalis. The more derived T. helmsi clade, distributed west and north of the Alpine Fault, consists of four haplotype groups that may be cryptic species with variable male genitalia. Though based on a single gene and limited sampling, our data suggest a South Island origin for Tormus. Evidence for isolation by distance was weak and while haplotype lineages of T. helmsi form a grade south to north with a monophyletic haplogroup in the North Island, environmental barriers may explain the population structure.
Key words: Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Laccobiini, Tormissini, Tormus, Afrotormus, Paracymus, adult morphology, larval morphology, chaetotaxy, integrative taxonomy, cox1, cryptic species, New Zealand, South Africa
Papers
A taxonomic revision of the genus Hyoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)Tiomanaptera schwendingeri, a new apterous carventine flat bug from Malaysia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae)A new species of the genus Cicadatra from Iran (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae)A new species of the genus Pentacomia from Panama (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)Validation of Macrosaldula indica Vinokurov (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae)Antireicheia chinensis sp. nov. of the subtribe Reicheiina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae) from the south-eastern ChinaA new species of the Australian genus Necterosoma from Timor (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporini)Morphology of adults and larvae and integrative taxonomy of southern hemisphere genera Tormus and Afrotormus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)Taxonomic notes on Chinese Ametor and Hydrocassis (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sperchopsini)Five new species of the genera Labomimus and Linan from Guangxi, South China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)New species of the genus Mimogonia and Holotrochus from South America (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Osoriinae)Review of the southern African species of Thinodromus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae)Erichsonius (Sectophilonthus) dorsumsuis sp. nov. from Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces, South Africa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Staphylininae)Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan PeninsulaTwo new species of the genus Scapanoclypeus from Northern Cape, Republic of South Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)Review of the genus Dermestocyphon (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae)Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) krali sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from ChinaReview of the West Palaearctic Pseudocistela with description of P. hajeki sp. nov. from Iran (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae)A new species of Cephaloleia from Panama with description of larva and first record of orchid-feeding in Cephaloleiini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)Nasiternella regia, a redescription of the adult and neotype designation (Diptera: Pediciidae)A new species of Stilobezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from northern ArgentinaTrichomyia (Brachiotrichomyia subgen. nov.) plumata sp. nov. from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Psychodidae: Trichomyiinae)Two new species of Lophoteles including the first record of this genus in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)Revision of Alloxysta from the north-western Balkan Peninsula with description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae)The first case of gynandromorphism in Enolmis (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Scythrididae)A new species and new combinations of Danielithosia from eastern China and Indochina, with check-list of the genus (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Lithosiinae)Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic. Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onitini, Onthophagini, Phanaeini, Scarabaeini and Sisyphini